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Genoplesium bishopii D.L.Jones
Family Orchidaceae
Genoplesium bishopii D.L.Jones APNI*

Synonyms: Corunastylis bishopii (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. APNI*

Description: Terrestrial tuberous herb.

Leaf terete, 14–20 cm long, 2.0–3.0 mm wide, base reddish; free lamina linear-lanceolate, 10–15 mm long by 2.0–3.0 mm wide, closely sheathing the scape, ending around 5 mm below the first flower.

Inflorescence 20–25 cm tall, bearing 15–30 flowers in a crowded spike 30–50 mm long. Flowers deflexed, 4–5 mm wide, dark purple-red, with a musty scent. Ovary 3.5 mm long narrowly and asymmetrically obovate, dorsal midline arcuate in lateral view. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, 3.5–4.0 mm long by 1.8–2.0 mm wide, cucullate toward apex, margins entire, surface glabrous, narrowed at base and apiculate at apex, apex lacking a gland. Lateral sepals 5.0–5.5 mm long by 1.2–1.4 mm wide, spreading below horizontal, linear-lanceolate, slightly asymmetric, weakly cucullate toward the apex, margins inrolled, apex obtuse, bearing a small fusiform gland. Petals spreading, elliptic-ovate, slightly falcate, c. 3.3 mm long by 1.2–1.3 mm wide, dark purple, margins shortly ciliolate in upper hafl, apex acute, tipped by a white fusiform gland. Labellum dark purple, hinged by a short claw, elliptic to very slightly spathulate, 3.0–3.3 mm long by 1.2–1.3 mm wide, base truncate, apex acuminate, margins ciliolate with cilia of varying length, generally longer toward the apex; callus extending to nearly the labellum apex, ligulate, flared slightly to prominently in the basal third, surface papillate. Column 1.8 mm tall and 1.2 mm wide, dark red, column foot 0.7 mm long, curved; column wings divided into two lobes, lobes separated by a narrow sinus for one third their length, fused in basal two thirds, lower lobe dark red, acuminate, lower margin continuously and evenly curved, margin and surface bearing projecting cilia; upper lobe paler, linear, apex truncate, but outline interrupted on one or both sides by an irregular 'tooth'. Anther 1.2 mm long with a filiform rostrum.


Type
Specimen

Flowering: Flowering recorded from November through to January

Distribution and occurrence: Northern Tablelands of New South Wales in and around the Gibraltar Range.

In open patches within heathy forest, wetland margins, mown strips, tracks, tracksides, and road verges.
NSW subdivisions: NT
AVH map***

Genoplesium bishopii can be recognised by 1) the entire margins of the dorsal sepal, and the short ciliolate margins of the petals; 2) the gland tipped lateral sepals and petals; 3) the column arms similar in size and stature, but different in shape, with the lower acuminate and ciliolate, the upper truncate and with one or two irregular teeth near the apexr, and separated by a narrow sinus. Genoplesium bishopii is similar to G. sigmoideum but has larger flowers (4-5 mm wide versus 3.5-4 mm wide), with a larger labellum (3.0-3.3 mm long versus 2.0-2.2 mm long) and a narrower labellum callus; and has a smaller white gland on the petal apex (versus the large white sigmoid gland in G. sigmoideum).

Text by Description based on Jones (200), with modification by Matt A.M. Renner (27 July 2020).
Taxon concept: Jones DL (2000) Genoplesium bishopii (Orchidaceae), a rare new species from New South Wales. The Orchadian 13(5): 227-230.


APNI* Provides a link to the Australian Plant Name Index (hosted by the Australian National Botanic Gardens) for comprehensive bibliographic data
***The AVH map option provides a detailed interactive Australia wide distribution map drawn from collections held by all major Australian herbaria participating in the Australian Virtual Herbarium project.
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